The Effect of Service Quality, Service Marketing Mix and Costumer

Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

IJISRT20MAR655 www.ijisrt.com 1135

The Effect of Service Quality, Service Marketing Mix

and Costumer Value on Consumer Satisfaction and its

Impact on the Loyalty of the Consumer Industry of

the Low-Cost Carrier Flight in Indonesia

Syahrum Agung

Universitas Ibnu Khaldun

Abstract:- The objectives of this research is to analyze

impact service quality, service marketing mix, and

customer value on customer satisfaction and customer

loyalty in low-cost carrier airline industry, in Indonesia.

The research design used in the study is explanatory

design which explains the causal relationship among

variables and scoring all indicators for each variables.

The study location is in Terminal-2 Soekarno-hatta

Airport, Tangerang, Banten Province. Object of airlines

researched are Citilink, Lionair, Air Asia dan

WingsAir. The dissertation used primary data from

questionnaire filled out by the 200 respondents. The

sample selection used judgment sampling.The analysis

tool used of research used descriptive statistics such as

persentage, mean, and chi-square, and Structural

Equation Modeling (SEM) using Lisrel. The descriptive

analysis shows that the level of service quality, service

marketing mix, customer value, customer satisfaction

and customer loyalty is well perceived. The results of

relationship among variables stated that the Service

Quality has significant impact on customer satisfaction

and loyalty, marketing mix has no significant impact on

customer satisfaction and loyalty; Customer value has

significant impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty,

and customer satisfaction has significant impact on

customer loyalty,

Keywords:- Loyalty , Service Quality, Marketing Mix,

Value, Satisfaction.

I. INTRODUCTION

At present almost all airlines have programs to make

loyal customers, where all of them have similar programs.

Travelers collect points by taking personal trips or business

trips with their partners using airlines, which then points

can be exchanged for air travel or other prizes. The entire

loyalty program is designed for the simple purpose of

giving a reason for passengers to continue using certain

flight services. And now loyalty program users are a very

profitable source of revenue for airlines - in fact, they have

also been adopted by low-cost carriers (LCCs) such as

AirAsia, Jetstar and Cebu Pacific. How can airlines be able

to get greater loyalty from today's travelers who are

increasingly diverse, have to influence, and are faced with

more choices than ever before? Building customer loyalty

is not easy with the increasing number of airlines.

With the characteristics of an aviation services

business with high levels of product risk and timeliness

being important for consumers, finding the ideal model is

difficult to build without combining the variables of service

quality, marketing mix, and customer value into an

inseparable part as a management effort in increasing

customer satisfaction (customer satisfaction).

The low passenger satisfaction with airlines, one of

the main problems caused by several flights often delay,

this was stated by the Ministry of Transportation about the

on time performance (OTP) of six airlines in Indonesia for

the period January-June 2013 or Semester I The OTP value

of an airline is fairly good if the value is above 80%, if the

value is above 70% then the OTP of the airline is fairly

normal, whereas if the OTP value of the airline is below

70% then it is considered bad. From this evaluation, several

factors were found to cause flight delays, namely technical,

non-technical and weather factors. Operational technical

factors are factors of delay caused by airport conditions

(outside of airline management) such as airports cannot be

used, runway cracks, delays in refueling, and queues of

aircraft that will take off or landing at the airport.

Second, non-technical operational factors, namely

flight delays caused by airline management such as flight

crew delays, catering delays, delays due to waiting

passengers who will check-in, aircraft unpreparedness and

late handling on land. These factors accounted for 49.63%

or as many as 36,702 flights. Third, the weather factor with

a percentage of 15.84% or as many as 11,713 flights.

Fourth, other factors, namely flight delays caused by

outside airline management, operational techniques, and

weather, such as riots or demonstrations in the airport area.

These factors accounted for 2.57% or as many as 1,902

flights.

While the factors causing flight cancellations include:

First, operational technical factors with a percentage of

0.50% or as many as 370 flights. Second, operational non-

technical factors 2% or as many as 1,481 flights. Third,

weather factors are 7.74% or as many as 5,726 flights, and

fourth, other factors are 0.13% or as many as 94 flights.

From the data above shows that the problem of flight

delays caused by the biggest factor is non-technical

operations caused by airline management, it will affect the

performance of the service and the assessment of

consumers.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165

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From the identification of the problems above, there

are several factors that affect the satisfaction and loyalty of

airline customers, including the quality of service they feel,

the products of the airline, the promotions they do and the

customer value they get. Based on the formulation of this

problem, the following research questions were asked.

 Is there an effect of service quality on consumer

satisfaction in the domestic low-cost-carrier flight

service industry in Indonesia?

 Is there an influence on the service marketing mix on

the satisfaction of the low-cost-carrier domestic aviation

services industry in Indonesia?

 Is there an influence of customer value on customer

satisfaction in the domestic low-cost-carrier flight

service industry in Indonesia?

 Is there an effect of service quality on consumer loyalty

in the low-cost-carrier domestic aviation industry in

Indonesia?

 Is there an effect of the service marketing mix on

consumer loyalty in the low-cost-carrier domestic

aviation industry in Indonesia?

 Is there an effect of customer value on consumer loyalty

in the low-cost-carrier domestic aviation service

industry in Indonesia?

 Is there an influence of customer satisfaction on

consumer loyalty in the low-cost-carrier domestic

aviation service industry in Indonesia?

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

One important factor that is considered by consumers

in buying a flight service product is the service factor,

which is related to the service or information provided by

the flight attendant to passengers. Service is reflected in the

five dimensions of service quality, namely employee

attitudes and behavior, Access, Reliability, Recovery, and

Reputation, according to Fathi and Farahmand (2013) the

better the staff's ability to provide services, the more

satisfied consumers will be. In addition, the consumer's

decision to choose to use aviation service product or the

reason consumers switch to competitors is inseparable from

the influence of the marketing mix (7P), namely product,

price, place, and promotion, people, process, physical

evidence. Thus, the right strategy is needed in making a 7P

combination so that the products offered by the company

can produce levels of customer satisfaction that have

implications for customer loyalty. This statement is

supported by Raj and Arokiasamy (2012) who found that

consumer loyalty is determined by the marketing mix that

has been done by the company. Cengiz (2007) also states

that the marketing mix affects the level of consumer

satisfaction, which in turn will affect consumer loyalty. In

addition to service quality and marketing odors, according

to Cengiz (2007) Costumer Value also influences consumer

satisfaction and customer loyalty as reflected in 4

dimensions, namely transparency, comfort, social value,

monetary value.

A. Effect of Service Quality on Consumer Satisfaction

The relationship between service quality and

consumer satisfaction according to the thoughts of Hui,

Kandampully and Juwaheer (2009) along with the thoughts

of Lai, Griffin, and Babin (2009) which states that service

quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction.

According to Schnaars in Hasan (2009) satisfied consumers

can provide a good basis for repeat purchases and the

creation of consumer loyalty. Sanka (2012) revealed that

there is a positive and significant correlation between

dimensions of service quality and customer satisfaction.

According to Bedi in Ming et al. (2010) providing high

quality services is a must for achieving consumer

satisfaction. The research is in line with Naeem and Saif

(2009) who find that consumer satisfaction is the result of

service quality.

Bahar et al. (2009) state user satisfaction is a major

factor in assessing service quality, where consumers assess

the performance of services received and that are felt

directly to the product of service. Munawaroh's research

results (2005) state that good service quality is very

important in creating customer satisfaction. Other research

shows that unlike Hu's (2012) findings, Wardhani's (2006)

study found that to be able to survive and win the

competition in the aviation services industry, airline

companies need to have excellent service quality compared

to competitor companies because consumers will only be

loyal if the quality of services provided in accordance with

consumer expectations. The results of Wardhani's research

(2006) confirm that it is not enough for aviation service

companies to be able to exist in the aviation industry only

to promote the marketing mix strategy but it is necessary

for companies to implement integrated marketing and

service mix in an effort to increase perceived value and

customer satisfaction.

Based on the results of these studies, the following

hypotheses can be established:

H

1

: Service quality affects customer satisfaction

B. The Effect of Marketing Mix on Consumer Satisfaction

According to Kotler and Armstrong (2012) product

quality is a characteristic of a product related to its ability

to meet stated or implied consumer needs. Quality has a

direct impact on product performance so that it is closely

related to Costumer Value and satisfaction. Prices affect the

level of sales, profits, and market share that can be

achieved by a company. According to Xia, Yang, Jackson,

Stoffa, and Sen (2004) price justice refers to the consumer's

judgment whether the price set by the seller is reasonable or

not, acceptable to the consumer or not. The results of the

study of Xia, et al. (2004) price factors influence consumer

satisfaction and customer loyalty, the findings of this study

are reinforced by the results of Herrmann et al. (2007) who

found that consumer satisfaction was directly affected by

price perceptions.

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Widagdo (2011) states that one of the factors that can

influence consumers in purchasing a product is intensive

promotion. Promotion is essentially a form of marketing

communication aimed at driving demand. What is meant by

marketing communication is marketing activities that seek

to disseminate information, influence and or remind target

markets for companies and their products to be willing to

accept, buy, and be loyal to the products or services offered

by the company concerned.

Distribution here is related to efforts to facilitate and

facilitate the delivery of products from producers to

consumers so that their use is as needed. Companies must

determine what methods and channels will be used to

deliver products to consumers, this will certainly form the

selection of distribution channels that can work well so that

products can reach consumers and meet their satisfaction.

Asgharpoour (2012) states that distribution factors

provide facilities for consumers; or provide access to a

product. Asgharpoour's research results (2012) found that

the distribution intensity had a significant positive effect on

customer satisfaction.

Based on the results of these studies, the following

hypotheses can be established:

H

2

: Marketing Mix influences Consumer Satisfaction

C. Effect of Costumer Value on Consumer Satisfaction

Value is an estimate of consumers about the total

ability of a product to meet their needs. The value of each

product actually depends on how far the product can

approach the ideal product, including the price.

Management must be able to know where and how to offer

high value. A high value will result in customer

satisfaction. This is supported by research Tam (2004)

which shows the fact that perceived value has a positive

effect on customer satisfaction.

Based on the results of these studies, the following

hypotheses can be established:

H

3

: Costumer Value affects Consumer Satisfaction

D. Effect of Service Quality on Consumer Loyalty

Research by Manjunath and Aluregowda (2013)

shows that service quality is an important element in

creating customer satisfaction and loyalty. Siddiqi (2011)

states consumer loyalty results from high-quality service

and customer satisfaction. Akbar and Parves (2009)

explained that service quality and loyalty have a positive

and significant relationship.

In making policies to increase loyalty, service quality

needs to be considered because it affects customer loyalty

(Yani, 2004).

Based on the results of these studies, the following

hypotheses can be established:

H

4

: Service Quality influences Consumer Loyalty

E. Effect of Marketing Mix on Consumer Loyalty

The marketing mix can be used as a marketing tool

that makes it easy for companies to achieve their marketing

goals. The components in the marketing mix include

product, place, price, promotion. The results of Maulindah's

(2011) research found that there was a significant positive

effect on product, place, price, promotion on consumer

loyalty. Meanwhile, Cengiz and Yayla (2007) formed a

research model by hypothesizing that the marketing mix as

a single variable has many implications both directly and

indirectly on customer satisfaction, perceived value,

customer loyalty, and word of mouth. The results of the

study prove that the marketing mix influences both directly

and indirectly on customer satisfaction, perceived value,

customer loyalty, and word of mouth.

In contrast to Cengiz and Yayla (2007), the findings

of Alfin and Alhabsji (2013) found that service quality and

product quality have a significant effect on corporate image

and customer satisfaction, and proven corporate image has

a significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer

trust, but the corporate image has no effect on customer

satisfaction. If the findings of Cengiz and Yayla (2007) find

four elements of the marketing mix have a significant effect

on customer satisfaction, perceived value, customer loyalty,

and word of mouth, in contrast to Owomoyela and

Olasunkanmi's (2013) research which found that the price

element has no significant effect on customer loyalty. From

the several studies conducted above, it is seen that each

research has a different model framework and the

implications for loyalty and word of mouth are also

different.

Based on the results of these studies, the following

hypotheses can be established:

H5: Marketing Mix influences Consumer Loyalty

F. Effect of Customer Value on Consumer Loyalty

Yang and Peterson (2004) found the perception of

customer value has a positive effect on customer loyalty,

customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer

loyalty, the perception of customer value has a positive

effect on customer satisfaction. Novianti et al (2019) and

Pan et al (2011) found that consumer satisfaction has a

positive effect on consumer loyalty. Atalik and Arslan

(2007) examined the effect of customer value on consumer

loyalty in the aviation service industry in Turkey, the study

departed on the thought that there has been a shift of

marketing activities that only focus on issues of quantity,

quality, functionality, availability, accessibility, delivery,

price shifts to Costumer Value creation. The results found

that Costumer Value had a significant positive effect on

consumer loyalty.

Based on the results of these studies, the following

hypotheses can be established:

H6: The Value of the Customer influences Consumer

Loyalty

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G. Effect of Consumer Satisfaction on Consumer Loyalty

In the research of Molina et al. (2007), Molaee et al.

(2013) and Anggraeni and Kerti Yasa (2012) stated that

there is a positive and significant influence between

customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Anton in Singh

(2006) states that repurchase intentions, recommending

products or services, loyalty and profitability have a

positive relationship with satisfaction. Hallowell (1996)

which states that customer satisfaction is a prerequisite for

consumer loyalty. Loyal consumers have a lower tendency

to switch brands, are less price-sensitive, buy more and

more often, become the strong word of mouth, create

business referrals. Based on the theoretical review above,

the framework of this research can be elaborated as

follows:

H7: Consumer Satisfaction influences Consumer Loyalty

Based on the results of the hypotheses above, the

conceptual model of this study can be described as in

Figure as follows:

Fig 1:- Conceptual Framework

 Hipotesis

Based on the framework in the picture above can be

used for research models, then the research hypothesis can

be formulated as follows:

H1: Quality of service affects customer satisfaction in the

low-cost carrier airline service industry in Indonesia.

H2: The marketing mix affects customer satisfaction in the

low-cost carrier airline service industry in Indonesia.

H3: Costumer Value influences customer satisfaction in the

low-cost carrier airline industry in Indonesia.

H4: Service quality influences consumer loyalty in the low-

cost carrier airline service industry in Indonesia.

H5: Marketing mix influences consumer loyalty in the low-

cost carrier airline service industry in Indonesia.

H6: The value of the customer influences consumer loyalty

in the low-cost carrier airline service industry in Indonesia.

H7: Consumer satisfaction influences consumer loyalty in

the low-cost carrier airline service industry in Indonesia.

III. RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

The design in this study belongs to causal design,

which is a design that aims to analyze the relationship

between one variable with another variable. In order to

fulfill the design, the research was conducted descriptively

and explosively. Descriptive research to describe or

describe the condition of each research variable after using

empirical data, while explanation research to explain the

causal relationships between research variables. For testing

hypotheses used quantitative techniques with multivariate

analysis methods, including the development of structured

equation models (SEM).

This research was conducted from January 2017 in the

form of collecting preliminary data and information in

order to determine the problems indicated in the research

object. This research was conducted at Terminal 2,

Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Tangerang, Banten, a gathering

place for people who were leaving or had arrived on a low-

cost carrier. The list of names of airlines in Indonesia

included in the low-cost carrier group is Citilink, Lionair,

Air Asia and WingsAir. In this study, the study population

was all consumers who had carried out flight activities

The sampling technique in this study uses a

probability sampling technique that is a sampling technique

that provides equal opportunities for each element

(member) of the population to be selected as a sample

member. The sampling technique in this study uses

judgment sampling by selecting respondents who have just

arrived at the Terminal -Final terminal:

 Soekarno-Hatta Airport, Tangerang, Banten Province;

 Juanda Airport, Surabaya, East Java Province;

 Kualanamu Airport, Medan, North Sumatra;

 Halim Perdana Kusuma Airport, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta

Province, and

 Adi Sutjipto Airport, Yogyakarta.

The respondent waits at various resting places to

continue the journey home. The selected respondents were

users of low-cost-carrier flights from the 4 brands above

that were used at least 2 times in a row. Sampling was done

at the airport because passengers still experience

remembering and they can feel directly tangible. In

addition, guarding the objectivity of passengers who have

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actually boarded a plane. This research will use 200

samples

IV. DATA ANALYSIS

 The goodness of Fit Analysis

To find out whether the proposed structural model is

compatible with facts or empirical data (goodness of fit), it

is carried out with various criteria, namely:

 Absolute fit indices,

 Incremental fit índices,

 Parsimony fit índices.

According to Hair et al. (2010), the use of 4-5

goodness of fit criteria is sufficient as long as each of the

goodness of fit criteria is represented.

A. Absolute fit indices criteria

 Chi-Square Probability Value

Chi-Square probability value of at least 5% shows that

empirical data has similarities with the theory. Because the

probability value is 0.0 under 5%, the model is not fit.

 Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)

RMSEA value of less than 5% percent is a measure

that the model is fit, values ranging from 0.05 to 0.08

indicate that the model has a reasonable error estimate.

Therefore, because the probability value is 0.07 below 0.1,

the model is fit.

 The goodness of Fit Index (GFI)

GFI value is a measure of the accuracy of the model in

producing observed matrix covariance. GFI values range

between 0 and 1. GFI values greater than 0.9 indicate a

good model fit. Therefore, because the GFI value is 0.85,

the model is not fit.

B. Incremental fit indices criteria

 Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI)

AGFI values greater than 0.9 indicate a good model

fit. Thus, because the AGFI value is 0.80, the model is not

fit.

 Normed Fit Index (NFI)

NFI values generally above 0.9 indicate the model is

fit. Therefore, because the NFI value is 0.70, the model is

not fit.

 Comparative Fit Index (CFI)

CFI values generally above 0.9 indicate a fit model.

Therefore, because the CFI value is 0.77, the model is not

fit.

 Incremental Fit Index (IFI)

IFI values are generally above 0.9 to indicate that the

model is fit. Therefore, because the IFI value is 0.77, the

model is not fit.

 Relative Fit Index (RFI)

RFI values generally above 0.9 indicate the model is

fit. Therefore, because the RFI value is 0.64, the model is

not fit.

C. Parsimonious fit indices criteria

 Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI)

The model is fit if the ECVI is smaller than the ECVI

independence value. Therefore, because the ECVI value is

2.11 and ECVI independence is 8.54, the model is fit.

 Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)

The model is suitable if the AIC value is smaller than

the independence AIC value. Because the AIC value is

457.52 and the Independence value of AIC = 1698.73, the

model is fit.

 Consistent Akaike Information Criterion (CAIC)

The model is suitable if the CAIC value is smaller

than the saturated and independence CAIC values.

Therefore, because the CAIC value is 672.44, the Saturated

CAIC value is 1322.65 and Independent CAIC is 1784.7,

the model is fit.

 Parsimonious Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI)

If the PGFI value is> 0.60, then the model is fit.

Therefore, because the PGFI value is 0.65, the model is fit.

 Root Mean Residual (RMR)

RMR value below 0.1 will be better. Thus, because

the value of the RMR is 0.084, the model is fit. Based on

the results of the Goodness of Fit test, it is known that from

the Incremental fit indices criteria there is not a single

benchmark that states the fit model. Therefore it is

concluded that there will be at least one test of influence

between variables that are not significant.

 Structural Model Analysis

After analyzing the measurement model, so does the

analysis of goodness of fit, next is the structural model

analysis to determine the effects of variables in the research

model. As a starting point, if the statistical value of t is

greater than the statistical value of t (table) of 1.96, the

magnitude of the effect is significant or real.

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Fig 2

 Evidence of the Research Hypothesis

 The influence of Service Quality on Consumer

Satisfaction is 0.34. Statistical value of t arithmetic =

3.13 above the value of t table (n> / = 30; α 5%) = 1.96.

Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected, so that Service

Quality influences Consumer Satisfaction.

 The magnitude of the influence of the Marketing Mix

on Consumer Satisfaction is 0.04. Statistical value t =

0.24 under 1.96. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted,

so that the Marketing Mix does not significantly

influence Consumer Satisfaction.

 The influence of Customer Value on Consumer

Satisfaction is 0.33. The statistical value of t arithmetic

= 2.26 above 1.96. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected,

so that Customer Value influences Consumer

Satisfaction.

 The influence of Service Quality on Consumer Loyalty

is 0.24. The statistical value of t arithmetic = 2.19 above

the value of 1.96. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected,

so that Service Quality influences Consumer Loyalty.

 The magnitude of the influence of the Marketing Mix

on Consumer Loyalty by 0.01. Statistical value t = 0.08

below 1.96. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted, so

that the Marketing Mix does not significantly influence

Consumer Loyalty.

 The influence of Customer Value on Consumer Loyalty

is 0.27. The statistical value of t arithmetic = 2.00 above

the value of 1.96. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted,

so that Customer Value influences Consumer Loyalty.

 The effect of Consumer Satisfaction on Consumer

Loyalty is 0.38. The statistical value of t arithmetic =

1.99 above the value of 1.96. Thus, the null hypothesis

is rejected, so that Consumer Satisfaction influences

Loyalty

V. DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS

Based on the results of descriptive analysis and

causality analysis, there are analysis results that need to be

discussed further because they are not in line with

expectations. The results of the analysis are summarized in

the following sub-chapters, namely:

 Influence test

A. Service Quality affects Consumer Satisfaction.

The results of this study indicate that service quality

affects customer satisfaction. One factor that determines

customer satisfaction is the customer's perception of the

quality of services provided. Customer perception of

service influences:

 The level of customer interest

 Customer satisfaction

 Score

The process of perception of a service does not require

the customer to use the service first. The factors that

influence customer perception or service are:

 Price

 Imagery

 Service phase

 Moment of service

This is in line with research conducted by Jangdish, N

Sheth (1991). Airlines need to pay attention to factors that

influence customer perceptions of the service industry.

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According to Michael Porter a company is also

influenced by the industrial environment. The strength of

the competition is

 The threat of new entrants (barries to new entry)

 The threat of substitution products

 Bargaining power of suppliers (bargaining power of

suppliers)

 Bargaining power of buyers (bargaining of customers)

 Fighting between members of the industry (rivalry

among exiting firms)

From the consumer side, consumers have influence or

bargaining power. Consumers demand better service

quality and also want lower prices.

B. The marketing mix has no significant effect on

consumer satisfaction.

In this study, the result is that the Marketing Mix does

not significantly influence consumer satisfaction. The

marketing mix is a set of tools that marketers can use to

shape the characteristics of services offered by customers

(Keller, 2009). This study shows that the marketing mix

does not affect satisfaction, it shows that all the sets of tools

used do not all affect. The findings in this study are that

facilities such as comfortable seats have little value and the

service for quite a lot of delays but other indicators almost

all have high values, so indicators that have low values will

be covered with other values. Consumers have the choice

of several low-cost carrier airlines that provide competitive

offers starting from price, products offered, promotions,

and location. In the porter, theory states a low-cost

leadership strategy (overall cost leadership) (Porter, 1985).

In this theory, the characteristic is that the company

concentrates its attention on the selling price of cheap

products to reduce production costs, promotion and

research. In this study, all airlines put forward low prices

C. Customer Value influences Consumer Satisfaction.

In this study shows that customer value affects

customer satisfaction, consumers will see how much value

is issued with the benefits received. This is in line with the

theory of Keen (2003: 273) which states that Cost-Benefit

Analysis as an analysis that describes the business reasons,

why or why specific investment is not chosen. According to

Remenyi (2007: 152), defining Cost-benefit Analysis

(CBA) is to evaluate whether the effectiveness of benefits

is greater than the cost or easily meets the needs of the

community. In line with this theory, the consumer will

evaluate the costs he incurred.

D. Service Quality affects Consumer Loyalty.

In this research, it is shown that service quality

influences consumer loyalty. This is in line with this

research, according to the theory from Griffin, Jill (2012),

in building customer satisfaction an airline must pay

attention to one of them variable service quality. Good

service quality will affect customer satisfaction. Customer

satisfaction will have an impact on consumer loyalty. In

this study, customer satisfaction is an intervening variable.

The results of this study indicate that the customer

satisfaction variable as an intervening variable strengthens

the consumer loyalty variable. The quality of services

starting from the airline's physical facilities used by

consumers such as bus facilities, check-ins, aircraft

conditions need to be considered by the airline

E. The marketing mix does not significantly influence

Consumer Loyalty.

In this study shows that the marketing mix does not

significantly influence consumer loyalty, it shows that the

airline needs to innovate to strengthen consumer loyalty. In

accordance with Kim's theory (2017; 44) it is necessary to

raise. Airlines need to improve services and expand market

share and expand market segments. The quality of services

provided must focus on consumers by providing

improvements including by:

 Improve facilities such as wider seat spacing.

 Continuously communicating with customers, one of

them is by creating loyalty programs, for example with

the LLCC (Loyalty Low-Cost Carrier) program.

In order to expand market segments, it is necessary to

create new programs to increase consumer loyalty. Loyalty

programs that can be developed are loyalty programs that

penetrate the family. This program can be called the Low-

Cost Carrier Family Loyalty

F. Customer Value influences Consumer Loyalty.

In this study, it was found that customer value affects

consumer loyalty. In this study in line with research

conducted by Kim (2017) new innovations and creativity

are needed. Companies need to create value innovation to

their customers, namely by providing the maximum benefit

but by reducing costs as low. This requires innovation and

creativity. In this study, researchers suggest that airlines

make innovations that can provide more benefits for

consumers including trimming the check-in process,

consumers who already have tickets directly get a seat,

consumers will be faster in the check-in process, so that

consumers will be more efficient in time. Other strategies

that can be used to increase customer value by reducing

costs include reducing in-flight entertainment, operating

second-hand aircraft, and using airports that are not playing

airports. If costs can be reduced, it is hoped that there will

be units that can be improved in quality such as service

processes and other marketing mix strategies.

G. Consumer Satisfaction influences Consumer Loyalty.

In this study, customer satisfaction affects customer

loyalty, it shows that airline customer satisfaction must be

built, from customer satisfaction will form loyalty. This

theory is consistent with Griffin's theory, Jill (2005: 31),

customer satisfaction is a measure for companies to get

loyalty from consumers and loyalty is a reliable measure to

predict growth and sales. In building consumer loyalty

when it comes to flight, management needs to look at who

is the market segment of the LCC. The LCC Aviation

Market Segment is on average Baby Boomers, Generation

X and Generation Z for which they have their own

characteristics.

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The loyalty of each generation is very different, if in

the past loyal customers were measured by making

repeated purchases regularly, buying between product lines

and services, referring to others and showing immunity to

competitors' attractiveness. The airline must see that the

factors that affect loyalty are very segmented. Several

factors affect loyalty:

 Factors that influence loyalty are internal and external

factors, internal factors consist of psychological factors

and personal factors. While external factors consist of

social, cultural, social class factors.

 Internal factors include motivation, perception, lifestyle

and the learning process

 Compilers of social factors are people's life style, work

environment and friends, family environment and the

media

 Personality and values is one of influencing consumer

loyalty

From these factors, the airlines need to study these

factors to make recommendations in decision making.

VI. IMPLICATION FOR MANAGEMENT

Summary results of the descriptive analyzes of each

dimension that were rated low on each variable are restated.

 Quality of Service. In this variable, the Access

dimension is consumer disappointment over the fact

that departure is delayed and the lack of information is

fast and transparent, and service rights to consumers as

a result of delays outside the time limit are still low.

 Marketing mix. In this variable, in terms of the

marketing mix offered to consumers, it turns out that

complained about is the service product offered, such as

a narrow seat and the type of food and drinks offered

are too simple, especially expensive. In addition to

products, the service process of employees at check-in

locations and on hospitality aircraft as well as firmness

is inadequate. Services for delays / adequate delay still

do not provide satisfaction to consumers, because the

airline has not provided maximum service in the event

of a delay. The form of compensation given to

consumers in the event of a delay still does not provide

satisfaction to consumers. The departure schedule (take-

off) from the assessment results still has a negative

value, meaning that there are still airlines that do not

match the scheduled departure. From the findings

above, it is necessary to study the types of consumers

today, at this time consumers do not only focus on

product-based (quality products) but they need customer

satisfaction, customer care, customer engagement and

empowering the customer through real-time delivery.

 Customer Value. In this variable, the social dimension

with indicators of pride felt and sense of prestige to be

shown, such as those of friends/colleagues / family,

does not appear.

 Consumer satisfaction. Consumers have tried to

suppress the hopes or desires of airline services.

However, even though consumer expectations are not

grandiose, the reality is that there are still

disappointments.

 Loyalty. In this variable, there are indicators that

become a barrier to consumer loyalty, namely

consumers will choose the cheapest price of the

available airlines, except when on the specified

schedule only 1 type of airline will serve it.

Based on the results of the low assessment, further

deepening is done to understand it and provide input

solutions to management.

 The top management of the low-cost carrier airline

periodically must evaluate the company's strategy and

functional strategies related to the marketing mix of

services, especially those applied to this type of aviation

services. Attention especially on marketing mix that has

a direct impact on consumers, so that customer

satisfaction, values, and loyalty can be improved.

 In terms of the service process, namely how the airline

office at the airport when helping passengers check-in,

serving passengers in the cabin and exiting the plane, as

well as luggage safety. In the service process, it is

expected that a pleasant attitude from the officer must

be maintained so that it remains in an optimal position.

Therefore, the causes that make officers feel dissatisfied

with work and have a bad impact when serving

passengers must be known and addressed.

 In the event of a delay or departure delay. One cause of

the delay is due to a series of delays that are difficult to

avoid. Officers should have been able to serve

passengers who seemed disappointed with the delay.

 This type of logging airline determines the frequency of

departures with many time schedules, even though the

number of passengers can be served with fewer time

schedules. As a result, there was an intent to divert

passengers' departure on the next flight. Therefore, this

delay is deliberate by airlines in the field. Departure

delays or advance flight departure hours even though

informed by email, SMS, or WA is a disappointment for

prospective passengers, because it will change the plan

that was previously prepared.

 Implement a management information system as

follows: Passenger Service Solution, Internet Booking

Engine System, Self Service System, Cargo Integration

Solution, and Network and Schedule Management

System so that all can be monitored properly.

 Education and Training

As an aviation service industry, aspects of the

availability of human resources both in quantity and

quality, qualifications, and competencies must be

possessed. Cases of the behavior of pilots, stewards or

officers on the runway should not need to occur if the

development of human resources goes well. Therefore, HR

development through the implementation of training

programs and HR development must be carried out

effectively. Likewise, the monitoring and evaluation of HR

performance must be able to be carried out according to

high-quality standards and good SOPs.

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VII. CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion of Descriptive Analysis results

All findings have been analyzed based on descriptive

studies and have also been discussed. It is known that

consumers judge badly for delayed departures as well as the

lack of information about them; narrow seating and the type

of food and drink offered is too simple; and the attitude of

employees at check-in locations and on planes where

friendliness and firmness are inadequate.

However, the discussion section has ended by

providing input to the airline management one of the

solutions that need to be considered based on the input

from the respondent. With improvements in the positive

direction for consumers, it is expected that the level of

consumer satisfaction will increase and also have an impact

on true loyalty..

B. Conclusion of Causality Analysis

Based on the results of the causality analysis in the

form of influence between latent variables in the model set

in chapter 3, it is concluded that not all hypotheses have a

positive and significant influence.

The accepted hypotheses are:

 Quality of service to consumer satisfaction of the low-

cost-carrier domestic aviation service industry in

Indonesia

 Customer value for consumer satisfaction in the low-

cost-carrier domestic aviation service industry in

Indonesia

 Quality of service to consumer loyalty in the low-cost-

carrier domestic aviation industry in Indonesia

 Customer value for consumer loyalty in the low-cost-

carrier domestic aviation service industry in Indonesia

 Consumer satisfaction with consumer loyalty in the

low-cost-carrier domestic aviation service industry in

Indonesia

The rejected hypotheses are:

 Marketing Mix does not affect Consumer Satisfaction,

whereas according to the concepts and results of

previous studies there is a positive and significant

effect;

 Marketing Mix does not affect Consumer Loyalty,

whereas according to the concepts and results of

previous studies there is a positive and significant

effect.

SUGGESTION

Based on the results of research and discussion, and

adjusted for the benefits of this study, the suggestions

proposed are:

A. For the Government

 Public sector companies that serve the public

specifically Indonesian citizens must be protected under

the laws and regulations derived from it

 Specifically for government airlines, they must

participate in controlling public sector services such as

the formation of the Indonesian national airline

association.

 The government should review the departure schedule

proposed by the airline.

 Implementation of flight schedule implementation must

be closely monitored by flight route supervisors.

 The addition of a new airport specifically for LCC, of

course, can be a solution for the already very heavy

traffic and reduce schedule delays.

 Determination of lower and upper fares must be

reviewed, so that flight safety must not be reduced,

because all airlines must have the same level of safety,

both LCC and medium and full service.

 To reduce the level of accidents the government needs

to make rules to monitor financial reports, maintenance

reports and aircraft maintenance on a regular basis

B. For the company's management

Based on the results of this study the company must

pay attention to the following matters:

 Management needs to review the service strategy to find

out weaknesses as well as to develop better service

programs including:

 Provide better quality services such as comfortable

chairs and other facilities that meet consumer comfort

 The speed of response from the airlines to complaints.

 Guarantees against schedule delays, airlines should

adhere to the schedule according to permits and

recommendations set by the Ministry of Transportation,

so that consumers are not disadvantaged.

 The airline must be able to provide several alternative

communications that can be used to make it easier for

passengers to meet in asking for help.

 Airlines must be able to convince customers that the

aircraft they are using is able to guarantee the safety of

passengers so that responsibility and professionalism of

work from pilots or staff of the airlines are required.

 Management needs to review departure schedules in

order to minimize the risk of departure delays rather

than excessive departure schedules.

 There should be a separation between LCC aircraft

airports and large planes. For example, special airports

to accommodate aircraft for the LCC fleet are stationed

outside the city. Meanwhile, the main airport is near the

city.

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 Management needs to review what customer value has

been given to consumers because consumers need

functional, emotional and spiritual values. Today's

consumers not only need quality products but already

need speed. Consumers at that time were still product

based, then increased customer-based, customer

engagement reached empowering the customer through

real-time delivery.

 Management needs to show commitment to meet the

wants and needs of customers, try to be better than

competitors and all elements work together to create

superior customer value.

 Management needs to examine how companies see their

customers, companies must be able to see their

customers holistically have mind, heart, and spirit.

 Management needs to review how the ratio of loyalty

measurement can be measured through Purchase Action

Ratio or Brand Advocacy Ratio so that it can measure

the market share of the company and the company's

growth.

 The management should pay attention to the Minister of

Transportation's Regulation No. 89 of 2015 concerning

handling flight delays (delay management), so that

consumers are not disadvantaged.

 From the results of different tests found some

differences from the demographic data of respondents,

this shows that the airline must better understand the

characteristics of consumers, the company needs to do

more market research on the characteristics of

consumers.

C. For further research

The results of this study recommend that further

research be carried out in the form of:

 Further research to explore why the marketing mix of

low-cost carrier services does not affect passenger

satisfaction and passenger loyalty

 Further research to explore this research model when

examined on non-low cost carrier flight services so that

it can be used as a comparison with low-cost carrier

flight services.

 Further research is suggested to include elements of

people mix and process mix separately to be used as

variables

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