Name:&& && Class:&Honors&Biology& Period:&& &
!"#$%&'()(*(+&,-'#.&(/%'01%0'&(#.2(30.1%45.(
67&'148&(9(*(+&,-'#.&(/%'01%0'&(:);9<(
Review&the&animal&cell&plasma&membrane&by&labeling &t h is &d ia g ra m.&Label&the&items&in&-5=2>#1&(
type:&Start&with&the&1?%5$ =#8,@(&7%'#1&==0=#'(>=042@&and &a &>4-& '(5 >(%"& (&7% '# 1&==0 =# '(, # %'4 7;&In&the&
membrane,&label&$"58$"5=4$428,&A=?15$'5%&4.@(A=?15=4$42@(1#'-5"?2'#%&(1"#4.@("?2'5$"5-41(
%#4=8@("?2'5$"4=41("& #28 @($"58 $" 5=4$42 (-4=#?& '@($&'4$ "& '#=($' 5%&4. @(1"5=&8 %&'5 =@(4.%&A'# =(
$'5%&4.@(#.2(>4=#,&.%8(5>(%"&(1?%58B&=&%5.;(
67&'148&(C(*(+&,-'#.&(D'5%&4.8(:);9<(
Label&each&membrane&protein&shown&below.&(See&Figure&5.3)(
&
&
Name:&& && Class:&Honors&Biology& Period:&& &
67&'148&(E(*(F4>>0845.@(G8,5848@(#.2(H1%4I&(J'#.8$5'%(:);CK);E<(
Review&diffusion&and&the&function&of&cell&membranes&by&matching&each&of&the&phrases&on&the&right&with&the&
appropriate&mechanisms&from&the&list&on&the&left.&Two&questions&require&more&than&one&answer.&
A. Diffusion&
______&
1. &
Type&of&diffusion&across&a&biolo g ica l&membrane &
B. Active&transport&
______&
2. &
Moves&solutes&against&concentration&gradient&
C. Osmosis&
______&
3. &
Any&spread&of&molecules&from&area&of&higher&to&lo wer&concen t ra t io n &
D. Phagocytosis&
______&
4. &
Diffusion&with&the&help&of&a&transport&protein&
E. Passive&transport&
______&
5. &
Three&types&of&endocytosis&
F. Facilitated&diffusion&
______&
6. &
Engulfing&of&fluid&in&membrane&vesicles&
G. Pinocytosis&
______&
7. &
Diffusion&of&water&across&selectively&permeable&membrane&
H. ReceptorVmediated&
endocytosis&
______&
8. &
Transport&molecules&need&ATP&to&function&
I. Exocytosis&
______&
9. &
Enables&cell&to&engulf&bulk&quantities&of&specific&large&molecules&
&
______&
10. &
How&oxygen&and&carbon&dioxide&enter&and&leave&cells&
&
______&
11. &
Two&types&of&passive&transport&
&
______&
12. &
Engulfing&of&particle&in&membrane&vesicle&
&
______&
13. &
Fusion&of&membraneVbound&vesicle&with&membrane,&and&dumping&of&
contents&outside&cell&
&
______&
14. &
How&a&cell&might&capture&a&bacterium&
&
______&
15. &
Helped&by&aquaporins&
67&'148&(E(*(3#14=4%#%&2(F4>>0845.(:);C<(
Osmosis&is&an&important&process&that&has&many&effects&on&living&things.&Test&your&understanding&of&osmosis&
by&predicting&in&each&of&the&following&cases&whether&water&will&enter&the&cell&(In)&or&leave&t h e &ce ll &(O ut),&or&
whether&there&will&be&no&net&movement&of&water&(None).&Assume&that&the&plasma&membrane&is&permeable&to&
water&but¬&solutes.&
____&
1. Cell&is&exposed&to&hypertonic&solution.&
____&
2. Cell&is&placed&in&salt&solution&whose&concentration&it&greater&than&cell&contents.&
____&
3. Due&to&disease,&solute&concentration&of&body&fluid&outside&cell&is&less&than&solute&concentration&of&cells.&
____&
4. Cell&is&in&isotonic&solution.&
____&
5. SingleVcelled&organism&is&placed&in&drop&of&pure&water&for&examination&under&m icr os co p e .&
____&
6. Cell&is&immersed&in&solution&of&sucrose&and&glucose&whose&individual&concentrations&are&less&than&
concentration&of&solutes&in&cytoplasm,&but&whose&combined&concentration&is&greater&than&
concentration&of&solutes&in&cytoplasm.&
____&
7. Solute&concentration&of&cell&is&greater&than&solute&concentration&of&surrounding&fluid.&
____&
8. Cell&is&exposed&to&hypotonic&solution.&
____&
9. Concentration&of&solutes&in&cytoplasm&is&equal&to&solute&concentration&of&extracellular&fluid.&
____&
10. Cytoplasm&is&more&dilute&than&surrounding&solution.&
(
Name:&& && Class:&Honors&Biology& Period:&& &
67&'148&(L(*(+&,-'#.&(/%'01%0'&(#.2(30.1%45.8(&
Try&to&picture&membranes&and&their&functions&close&up&by&completing&the&following&story.&
Your&first&mission&as&a&Bionaut&requires&you&to&enter&a&blood&vessel&and&observe&the&
structure&and&functions&of&cell&membra nes.&You&step&into&the&wa terVfilled &ch amber&of&the &M icr ot ron ,&
which&quickly&shrinks&you&to&a&size&much&smaller&then&a&red&blood&cell.&
You&tumble&through&the&tunnelVlike&needle&and&in to &a&blood&vessel&in&the&arm&of&a&volunteer.&
Huge,&rubbery&red&blood&cells&slowly&glide&past.&Floating&in&the&clear,&yellowish&blood&plasma,&you&
switch&on&your&headlamp&and&ex a mine&the &e p ithelial&cells &of &th e &v e s se l&wall.&The ir &p la sma&
membranes&seem&made&of&millions&of&small&balloons.&These&are&the&polar&“heads”&of&the&
1_____________________&molecules&that&mak e&up &m ost&of&the &m em b ran e&surfa ce.&Th rou gh &the&
transparent&su rfac e,&yo u &c a n&see&the ir&f le x ible,&2_____ __ ______________&tails&pr ojectin g&inw ar d&tow a rd&
the&interior&of&the&membrane,&and&bey on d&them &an&inner&layer&of&3_____________________&molecules&
with&their&tails&pointing&toward&you.&Here&and&there&are&globular&4_____________________&molecules &
embedded&in&the&membrane;&some&rest&lightly&on&the&surface,&but&most&project&all&the&way&into&the&
interior&o f&th e&c ell.&The&membrane&is&indeed&a&5_____________________&mosaic;&the&proteins&a re&
embedded&like&the&pieces&of&a&picture,&but&you&can&see&that&they&are&free&to&move&around.&You&push&
on&one&of&the&proteins,&and&it&bobs&like&an&iceberg.&Some&of&the&phospholipids&and&proteins&have&
chains&of&sugar&molecules&attached&to&them,&forming&6_____________________&and&7_____________________.&
These&are&the&molecules&that&act&as&cell&8_____________________&tags.&You¬ice&tha t&one &of&the&p rotein s&
has&a&dimple&in&its&surface.&Just&then&a&small,&round&molecule &f lo a tin g &i n &th e &p la s ma&nestle s&i n &th e &
dimple.&The&molecule&is&a&hormone,&a&chemical&signal,&and&the&dimpled&protein&is&the&
9______________________&that&enables&the &cell&to&resp on d&to&it.&
In&you&light&beam,&you&can&see&the&sp ark le&an d&sh im m e r&of&m an y&m o lecules,&large&and&small,&
in&the&blo o d &an d &p as sin g &th ro u g h&t he &ce ll&membra n e.&O x y ge n &is&moving&from&the&plasma,&where &it&is&
more&concentrated,&to&the&cell&interior,&where&it&is&less&concentrated .&This&m ov em en t&is&
10_____________________;&where&it&occurs&through&a&bi o lo g ic al &membra n e ,&it &is &ca l le d &
11_____________________&transport.&Similarly,&carb on &dioxid e&is&flowin g&ou t&of&the&ce ll,&dow n&its&
12_____________________&gradient,&from&the&cell&interior,&wh ere&it&is&13_____________________&con ce ntra ted,&
to&the&blood,&whe re&it&is&14_____________________&con cen trated .&
You¬e&that&water&molecules&are&passing&through&the&membrane&equally&in&both&
directions.&The&total&concentration&of&solutes&in&the&cell&and&in&the&blood&must&be&equal;&th e &
solutions&must&be&15_____________________.&You&signal&the&co ntrol&team&to&inject&a&small&amount&of&
concentrated&salt&solution&into&the&blood,&making&the&blood&slightly&16____________________&relative&to&
the&cell&contents.&This&cau ses &wa ter&to&flow &17 _____________________&the&cell,&until&the&tw o &solution s&are &
again&in&equilibrium.&This&di ffu s ion&of&wa t e r&t h r o u g h&a&18____ __ _ ______________&pe rm ea ble&m embrane&
is&called&1 9_ ___ ___ ___ ___________.&
Some&sugar&molecules&floating&in&the&blood&are&simple&too&large&and&polar&to&pass&easily&
through&the&pla sm a&m e m bra ne .&The&sug ar&m o lecu les&sim ply&b ou nce &off,&unle ss&th e y&h a pp e n &to&p as s&
through&pore s&in&spe cial&20_____________________&pro teins .&This&is&a&type&o f&passiv e&tran spo rt,&beca use &
the&molecules &m ove &dow n &a&con cen tration &gra dien t&witho ut&th e&exp en diture &of&
21_____________________.&Because&transport&protein s&help &out,&it&is&called&22_____________________&
diffusion.&
Name:&& && Class:&Honors&Biology& Period:&& &
Your&chemscanner&detects &a&high&con ce n t ra t io n &o f&p o ta s s iu m&ions&insi d e &th e &c e ll.&Transpo rt &
proteins&here&and&there&in&the&membrane&are&able&to&move&potassium&into&the&cell&against&the&
concentration&gradient.&This&must&b e &2 3_ ___ _________________&tran spo rt;&the&cell&ex pen ds &
24_____________________&to&provide&energ y&to&“p ump”&the&potassium &into &the&cell.&
Suddenly&there&is&a&tug&at&your&foot.&You&look&down&to&see&your&flipper&engulfed&by&a&rippling&
membrane.&A&white&blood&cell&the&size&of&a&building&quickly&pins&yo u&ag ainst&th e&vesse l&wa ll.&The&
phospholipids&of&its&membrane&are&pressed&against&your&face&mask.&The&cell&is&engulfing&you,&
protecting&the&body&from&a&foreign&invader!&Taking&in&a&substance&in&this&way&is&called&
25_____________________,&more&specifically&26_____________________,&if&the&substance&is&a&solid &particle .&
Suddenly&the&pressure&diminishes,&and&you&are&inside&the&white&blood&cell,&floating&free&in&a&
membraneVenclosed&bag,&or&27_____________________.&Another&sac&is&ap pro ach ing ;&it&is&a&
28_____________________,&full&of&digestive&enzymes.&You&m an ag e&to&ge t&you r&legs&ou tside &of&the&va cuo le&
and&move&it&back&toward&the&inner&surface&of&the&cell&membrane.&As&the&vacuole&fuses&with&the&
membrane,&you&tear&your&feet&free&and&swim&away&from&the&voracious&cell,&realizing&that&
29_____________________&expelled&you&almost&as&fast&as&en do cyto sis&trap ped &you !&
You&swim&to&the&exit&point,&and&the&control&team&removes&you&by&syringe.&You&are&soon&back&
in&the&lab ,&res to re d &to &n or m a l&s ize ,&an d &te llin g&y o u r&co ll ea gues&about&your&close&call.&
&
67&'148&()(K(!&==(!5,,0.41#%45.(:);9<(
Read&page&90&in&the&textbook&an d&lab el&the&follo w ing&diag ram.&Answe r&t h e &q u e s tio n s .&
1. If&your&cells&neede d&to&
rapidly&respond&to&a&
changing&environment,&
would&you&want&the&effect&
to&be&shortV&o r&lo n gVlived?&
2. Given&the&essential&role&of&
signaling&in&cellular&and&
organismal&health,&how&
might&diseases&arise&from&
signaling&errors?&
&
